I found a fascinating essay on the subject of “unschooling” at Dave Pollard’s How to Save the World.  While I can’t say that I’m in complete agreement with Mr. Pollard’s essay, I was very much inspired by the narrative with which he opens his “Unschooling Manifesto.”  The copyright notice on his website indicates that the essay was published under a Creative Commons license, so I’m quoting a few paragraphs below (heavily edited for brevity; I’m already going to be posting my thoughts in a series of posts spanning several days).

In Grade 11, my second last year of high school, I was an average student, with marks in English in the mid 60% range, and in mathematics, my best subject, around 80%.  I hated school.

Then in Grade 12, something remarkable happened: My school decided to pilot a program called “independent study”, that allowed any student maintaining at least an 80% average on term tests in any subject (that was an achievement in those days, when a C — 60% — really was the average grade given) to skip classes in that subject until/unless their grades fell below that threshold.  There was a core group of ‘brainy’ students who enrolled immediately.  Half of them were the usual boring group (the ‘keeners’) who did nothing but study to maintain high grades (usually at their parents’ behest); but the other half were creative, curious, independent thinkers with a natural talent for learning.  The chance to spend my days with this latter group, unrestricted by school walls and school schedules, was what I dreamed of, so I poured my energies into self-study.

To the astonishment of everyone, including myself, I did very well at this.  By the end of the first month of school my average was almost 90%, and I was exempted from attending classes in all my subjects.  We discovered that, together, we could easily cover the curriculum in less than an hour a day, leaving the rest of the day to discuss philosophy, politics, anthropology, history and geography of the third world, contemporary European literature, art, the philosophy of science, and other subjects not on the school curriculum at all.  We went to museums, attended seminars, wrote stories and poetry together (and critiqued each others’ work).

As the year progressed, the ‘keeners’, to my amazement, found they were struggling with this independence and opted back into the regular structured classroom program.

My peers had done what no English teacher had been able to do — inspire me to read and write voraciously, and show me how my writing could be improved. My writing, at best marginal six months earlier, was being published in the school literary journal.

Our independent study group, a handful of students from just one high school, won most of the province-wide scholarships that year.  I received the award for the highest combined score in English and Mathematics in the province — an almost unheard-of 94%.

Now… I know what I said in my recent post “Broken pieces, broken whole,” and I stand by that.  “Fixing” things with educational instutions won’t get us where we need to go; we’ve got to fix the entire educational system, including the parents and lawmakers and so forth.

Even so… this “independent study” program sounds like it has promise.  Real promise.  There are a number of student archetypes described in the anecdote (as well as a few that aren’t), and I’d like to discuss the benefits of this program for each of them.

Keeners

Mr. Pollard refers to a group of students that he calls “keeners.”  These students are heavily motivated to succeed in their classes… as long as someone is breathing down their necks.  In the Honors classes that I teach, I’d say at least a third of the students are in this group.

These students have “extrinsic” motivations; they succeed because reward or punishment is offered based on the degree of their success or failure.  These students are typically afraid of their parents, often bursting into tears when they see a bad grade.

Keeners thrive on structure.  When a teacher is watching, they will behave.  When their assignments are being graded, these students will do their work.  When parents are checking report cards and contacting teachers, these students will work their keen little butts off to get things done.

It’s interesting… but not really surprising… to read Mr. Pollard’s description of how the keeners failed to succeed in the unstructured independent-study environment.  No work is being graded, no teachers are keeping an eye on them, and parents don’t have any feedback from the school that they can use to reward or punish their children.  The extrinsic motives and constant supervision are removed, so the keeners’ motivation withers and dies.

So how is this independent study beneficial to the keeners?  For one, it’s often hard to judge whether someone is extrinsically or intrinsically motivated to learn… that is, whether they are a “keener” or a “natural learner” like those who thrived in the independent environment.  When the keeners tried to motivate themselves to learn, they discovered their own limitations.  This could either help them to choose more wisely in higher-stakes circumstances in the future, or to identify and overcome their own limitations.  Self-motivation can be learned, and the earlier a student realizes that he has been relying on others for motivation, the sooner he can begin working to correct that difficulty.  I suspect the long-term consequences for the keeners’ grades were minimal, while using the independent study as a type of diagnostic exercise could have significant benefits.

To be continued…

As I warned you earlier, I can’t possibly fit all my thoughts on this independent-study program into a single reasonably-sized post.  Coming up next:  the “natural learners” like Mr. Pollard’s friends, and the “unmotivated slackers” whose motivation could be rescued by a program like this one.

The full text of this post, including the excerpt from Dave Pollard’s essay, is licensed under the CC-by-nc-sa 2.0.